The uterine lining sheds, causing bleeding. Hormone levels (estrogen and progesterone) are at their lowest.

• Cramps and lower back pain
• Fatigue and low energy
• Headaches or migraines
• Bloating and digestive issues

• May feel more withdrawn or introspective
• Lower mood or irritability
• Need for more rest and comfort

• Offer a heating pad or hot water bottle
• Prepare comfort foods or tea
• Give gentle massages (back, feet)
• Be understanding about canceled plans
• Stock up: pads, tampons, pain relievers, chocolate

Estrogen levels rise as the body prepares for ovulation. Energy levels increase.

• Increased energy and stamina
• Better skin and hair
• Higher metabolism
• Increased strength

• More outgoing and social
• Improved mood and confidence
• Better focus and productivity
• Higher libido

• Plan activities and dates
• Engage in physical activities together
• Support their goals and projects
• Enjoy quality time together

An egg is released from the ovary. Estrogen peaks and testosterone rises.

• Peak energy levels
• Increased body temperature
• Changes in cervical mucus
• Mild cramping or twinges

• Most confident and social
• Peak attractiveness feelings
• Highest libido
• Great communication skills

• Plan romantic dates or getaways
• Show appreciation and affection
• Be attentive to their needs
• Support their social activities

Progesterone rises preparing for potential pregnancy. PMS symptoms may begin.

• Bloating and water retention
• Breast tenderness
• Food cravings (especially sweets)
• Fatigue and sleep changes
• Headaches or acne

• PMS: mood swings, anxiety, or sadness
• More sensitive or easily upset
• Need for personal space
• Decreased energy and motivation

• Be extra patient and understanding
• Don't take mood changes personally
• Provide comfort foods (healthy options too)
• Offer space when needed, but stay supportive
• Help with household tasks
• Stock up on period supplies before next cycle